Sunday, May 24, 2020

Essay on Fine Art and Applied Art Should Be Defined

Before studying the arts, the terms fine art and applied art should be defined. Fine arts became popular in the Renaissance era due to the aesthetic qualities of the art. This form of art allowed for individual expression and a new way of interpreting ideas. Fine arts can be many different things, such as: music, paintings, theater, dance, films, sculptures, architecture and more. A modern day example of fine arts is photography. Back when the fine arts became popular, cameras were not invented yet. However, today photographs are considered to be an example of a fine art. Personally, this is my favorite type of fine art and is one of my many hobbies. I love being able to capture a moment and keep it forever. The other type of art that†¦show more content†¦The second purpose of art, to give visible form to feelings, can be found in the early twentieth century with the Expressionist style. This purpose of art is used to express an artists’ feelings and emotions. The nex t purpose of art, to reveal metaphysical or spiritual truths, can be seen in the Gothic cathedrals in Europe where the light and space combined create a spiritual environment. Another example of this purpose is tribal ancestor figures of art. This purpose of art deals with not only religion, but beliefs and cultural values. The last purpose of art, to help people see the world in new or innovative ways, can be found in most art. Art can show people new ways of seeing the world. This purpose of art can also help people to understand life and give them new ideas on old concepts. There are also four functions of art: enjoyment, political and social commentary, therapy, and artifact. Just like the four purposes, each piece of art can be classified under multiple categories or none at all. Art can provide enjoyment for people, such as Grand Wood’s American Gothic painting. This function of art can be used for amusement by providing commentary about a specific topic. If art has the function of political and social commentary it can influence the behaviors of many people. An example of this is the Liberty Leading the People painting by Eugene Delacroix. Different forms of propaganda, both past and present, are considered to be under this function of art.Show MoreRelatedThe Art Of Nursing Theory957 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: The Art of Nursing Theory The Art of Nursing Theory Basimah Sewell New Jersey City University Newman’s theory involves the concepts of health, consciousness, movement, and space-time. All of these concepts are factors that embody health as the expansion of consciousness. As a visual representation of this theory I have chosen a work of art by a local artist by the name of Gerald Arthur titled â€Å"The Fine Line and the Hereafter†. Much like Newman’s grand theory, Arthur’sRead MoreThe World On Body Arts1223 Words   |  5 Pages The World on Body Arts Tattoos and the workforce do not get along together. Not within the topics themselves, but on the rules, that follow them. As body arts gets bigger, so does the conflict on where it belongs. There is a fine, but undefined line within body art and the work force. But it is has never been clearly stated anywhere. Both sides; such as the Debate over acceptability vs explicit free speech., always come up in the debate of the topic. There is no set law or regulations for the massRead MorePolicy Proposal: Restriction to Freedom of Speech Clause965 Words   |  4 Pagesexpression that may contain misleading or deceptive information Rationale: Exceptions to the freedom of speech in the United States are limitations that have been imposed on the First Amendments guarantee of free speech and expression, as is defined by the United States Supreme Court and the Bill of Rights of the United States Constitution. Exceptions of the freedom of speech are determined based on the type of speech and expression under different and specific contexts. The United States SupremeRead MoreThe Arts and Crafts Movement Essay1253 Words   |  6 PagesThe Arts and Craft movement was a social and artistic movement, which began in Britain in the second half of the nineteenth century and continued into the twentieth spreading to continental Europe and the USA. Its adherents-artists, architects, designers and Craftsmen sought to reassert the importance of and craftsmanship in all arts in the face of increasing industrialization, which they felt was sacrificing quality in the pursuit of quantity. Its supporters and practioners were united not so muchRead MoreEarly Learning and Development Benchmarks900 Words   |  4 Pageschildren should know and things they should be able to do when they enter Kindergarten. One of the purposes of the Benchmarks is for teachers and professionals to share the tool with their student’s parents so that they know what developmental expectations they should expect from their children. The Benchmarks ar e split into four critical stages: 18 months, 36 months, 60 months, and entering into kindergarten. The Benchmarks is not meant to be used as a guide to child development and should not beRead MoreA Case Involving Esquires Copyright Law1162 Words   |  5 Pagesbut when dissecting the individual elements of the image apart, what remains is a weak argument to justify copyright protection. The copyrightable element of the 1963 image should be covered under American copyright law, but the content of the image, including originality and use that need to be defined. Elements that should be protected include the photograph itself. This includes â€Å"selecting and arranging the costume, draperies, and other carious accessories in said photograph, arranging the subjectRead MoreDivinity through Decoration: Christ in Majesty with Symbols of the Four Evangelists1001 Words   |  5 Pageschapel in Spain, have faded. Portions, especially along the bottom, have disappeared over time. Even though it was moved to the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, it has not been fully restored. The artist identified each of the apostles in the Christ in Majesty with Symbols of the Four Evangelists, but the writing has grown fainter and this creates difficulty for art historians. Another key factor in the overall story represented has faded, which is one of the lamps or incense holders beneath Chri st. TheRead MoreThe Value of a Liberal Education1802 Words   |  7 Pagesbut among the many views and opinions of education there are two major views we see that stand out, education is a right for all and education is necessary only for finding a successful career. To be more exact, it is a college education that is or should be available to all and is only necessary for securing a successful job. But before we even begin to think about a job or whether we want to pursue our God-given right to higher education we must first start our journey at the bottom of the educationalRead MoreIntroduction of Art Nouveau3116 Words   |  13 PagesIntroduction to Art Nouveau The Art Nouveau (new art) movement was one of the first departures from classical art and design, towards a new modernism. The Modernism and Art Nouveau movements occurred during what was known in France as the Belle Époque, or beautiful era period of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The movement was primarily influenced by the radical work of Czech (Moravian) artist Alfons Mucha, Swiss decorative artist Eugà ¨ne Grasset, and English illustrator AubreyRead MoreThe Theory Of Multiple Intelligences1489 Words   |  6 Pageslearning process. Multiple Intelligences Theory A learning theory is an attempt to describe how people and animals learn; thereby helping us understands the inherently complex process of learning. Gardner theories of multiple intelligences should empower learners, not restrict them to one modality of learning. He studies intelligence where individuals differ is in the strength of these intelligences and in the ways in which such intelligences are involved and combined to carry out different

Wednesday, May 13, 2020

Manage Legal Ethical - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 304 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/10/10 Did you like this example? In the organization, every individual’s ethnic, spiritual and social differences should be recognized and respected. People are different from each other, and thus, it becomes important to offer them support and respect. The difference may be from their religious beliefs. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Manage Legal Ethical" essay for you Create order Clients may be Muslims while others Christians. Physical differences also exist where some may be disabled while others not. The difference may also arise from gender, race, class age as well as power. Therefore, everyone should be respected irrespective of their diversities. Some organizations are reported to find it difficult where nepotism and corruption are seen to manifest. The imposition of personals attitudes and values on other people lives should be avoided too. Instead, people should be supported too for them to express their individual preferences and identities. The attitude in this case referrers to what one think is a good way of doing things while values are qualities and principles that one considers as important. Managers should thus not feel more important than their subordinates. When engaging in activities that support the community, it is important to consider the strengths, requirements by each person and development in addition to the stage of life. People have different needs it has been highlighted in the Maslow’s pyramid of wants. It has indicated that people get motivated in achieving particular needs starting with primary physiological wants before getting to the self-actualization. Physiological needs include food, shelter clothing water among others. Clients should be permitted to be themselves, and thus they should be respected. Those who are loud and out-going should not be told to get quiet while those who like to be alone should not be forced to participate in activities of a group. What one person requires is not similar to the next person. Companies should thus respect every person on their own.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Importance of Dignity in a Lesson Before Dying Free Essays

Grant and Jefferson are on a journey. Though they have vastly different educational backgrounds, their commonality of being black men who have lost hope brings them together in the search for the meaning of their lives. In the 1940†³s small Cajun town of Bayonne, Louisiana, blacks may have legally been emancipated, but they were still enslaved by the antebellum myth of the place of black people in society. We will write a custom essay sample on Importance of Dignity in a Lesson Before Dying or any similar topic only for you Order Now Customs established during the years of slavery negated the laws meant to give black people equal rights and the chains of tradition prevailed leaving both Grant and Jefferson trapped in mental slavery in their communities. The struggles of Grant and Jefferson share a common theme, man†s search for meaning. Grant has the advantage of a college education, and while that may have provided some enlightenment, he remains in the same crossroads as Jefferson. Grant sees that regardless of what he does, the black students he teaches continue in the same jobs, the same poverty and same slave-like positions as their ancestors. Grant has no hope of making a difference and sees his life as meaningless. Though Jefferson†s conflict is more primal, it is the same as Grant†s struggle. Jefferson is searching for the most basic identity, whether he is man or animal. It is this conflict of meaning and identity that bring Grant and Jefferson together. In this book, Ernest J. Gaines presents three views to determine manhood: law, education and religion. Jefferson has been convicted of a crime, and though he did not commit it, he is sentenced to death as a â€Å"hog† a word that denies any sense of worth or fragment of dignity he may have possessed in a world ruled by oppressive white bigots. Jefferson is at an even greater loss as he has no education and after the conviction he doubts that God can even exist in a world that would send an innocent man to his death. It is clear that Jefferson does not believe he has any value. † ‘I†m an old hog. Just an old hog they fattening up to kill for Christmas† † (83). Though Grant may have had some advantages compared with Jefferson, his position in life was not significantly better than Jefferson†s. Grant knows that if he had been the black man sitting in the courtroom, he too would have been convicted. In his powerful opening to the novel, Grant says, â€Å"I was not there yet I was there. No, I did not go to the trial, I did not hear the verdict, because I knew all the time what it would be† (1). Even his college education has not elevated his position in the eyes of the white society. When he was talking with white people, he was expected to act stupid and hide his education and assume the subservient role of a black. As in Grant†s visit to Mr. Guidry the first time. † ‘She doesn†t, huh?† Sam Guidry asked me. He emphasized doesn†t. I was supposed to have said don†t. I was being too smart† (48). Of law, education and religion, one had to empower Jefferson and Grant. The law was clearly outside their realm of influence. However, education opened the door for Jefferson and Grant to share dialogue and to explore who they were and how they could be empowered. It was religion, their search for a greater meaning and a higher power, which allowed them to begin to think not of what white men thought of them, but rather what God and what they thought of themselves. With this new way of thinking, they forged a bond and both began to understand the simple heroic act of resistance in defying the expectation of white society that they were members of a lesser race † ‘Do you know what a myth is, Jefferson?† I asked him. ‘A myth is an old lie that people believe in. White people believe that they are better than anyone else on earth-and that†s a myth. The last thing they ever want is to see a black man stand, and think and show that common humanity that is in us all. It would destroy their myth† † (192). Grant encouraged Jefferson to live beyond the stereotype white society had imposed on him. In doing that Grant began to see himself differently. He began to believe if this uneducated black man could become a hero to the black community then certainly he could return to Bayonne and help children believe in themselves. He gradually began to think that he also could escape the myth and help his students escape it with him. He could use Jefferson as a hero to encourage them. † I need you, I told him. I need you much more than you could ever need me. I need to know what to do with my life. I want to run away, but go where and do what? I†m no hero: I can just give something small, that†s all I have to offer. It is the only way we can chip away at the myth. You-you can be bigger than anyone you have ever met † (193). This new way of thinking which discounted the centuries old myth enabled Jefferson to believe that he was not a hog, that he indeed was a man, a man who would walk with dignity to his execution. Though this may seem as a minor triumph to many, to Jefferson it meant that the angry and demeaning words of the judge had no meaning. His ability to die with dignity not only gave him peace, but it made white men pause and show respect for the man labeled the hog. At the end the white, deputy, Paul says, † â€Å"I don†t know what you†re going to say when you go back in there. But tell them he was the bravest man in that room today. I†m a witness, Grant Wiggins. Tell them so.† ‘Maybe one day you will come back and tell them so.† ‘It would be an honor† † (256). This white man wanted to make the statement so it would be powerful and would be believed by the black children sitting inside the small schoolhouse. That a white man would say it would make it true in the eyes of the children. However difficult facing death may have been, it was also empowering to Jefferson. Jefferson believed that if he could walk with dignity to his death, he would not only make his grandmother proud, but that he would also be as a strong man by the black members of his community. His last quote before dying was † ‘ â€Å"Tell Nannan I walked.† ‘And straight he walked† † (254). The last words in Jefferson†s diary share his message of courage and dignity. â€Å"good by mr wigin tell them im strong tell them im a man† (234). Jefferson died with dignity and Grant returned to Bayonne believing he could make a difference. It is not clear that religion, a belief in God, made the difference for either of them. It is clear that as they struggled with the issue of a higher power, they did discover that the meaning of their lives was not attached to the white man†s beliefs and myths, but rather came from inside themselves. To the end, they both struggled with whether or not there was a God. As they end their journey together, Jefferson is at peace and becomes a hero in his community. Though Grant cannot be a hero, he does find his place and returns to the schoolhouse with new hope and a vision for making a difference, if not for himself, for his students. He doubts himself at times, but he gains determination for his students. â€Å"Yet they must believe. They must believe, if only to free the mind, if not the body. Only when the mind is free has the body a chance to be free. Yes, they must believe. They must believe. Because I know what it means to be a slave. I am a slave† (Gaines 251) How to cite Importance of Dignity in a Lesson Before Dying, Papers

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Money for Stakeholder Management and CSR-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theMoney for Stakeholder Management and CSR. Answer: Kiama Municipal Council possesses a vision to create a municipality that has a vibrant and healthy lifestyle, harmonious, connected, and a beautiful environment. For such purpose, it intends to prepare a range of plans and policies that are needed by government legislation but some policies are outside the purview of such legislation (Kiama Sustainability, 2016). This is the reason why the Councils issues or features associated with its urban environment has affected the sustainability of its non-urban environment. Nevertheless, when it comes to development, it assists in offering various social and economic benefits but also exerts pressure on rural and infrastructure, natural resources, and services (Kiama Sustainability, 2016). Sustainability development is the need of the hour and this feature is keenly considered by the council however there are many instances that relates indirectly to the community at large. Such instances bring a widespread change to the rural population (Wal ker Salt, 2012). The land that is used by the Council is attained after the same has been used previously for commercial, rural, and industrial purposes. However, the intention of Council in relation to such land is primarily for sensitive uses like housing but there is a risk that such land might be contaminated. This can cause major social and economic issues to non-urban environment, thereby paving a path for improper sustainability management within the Councils framework (Wicks Colle, 2010). This strikes the notion that the rural population is under continuous pressure and this factors needs to be taken into consideration for the up gradation and betterment. Besides, it focuses on sustainable development of environment that necessitates urban areas to be redesigned, planned, and sustained to enhance their environmental performance (Kiama Sustainability, 2016). For such purpose, the urban lands are utilized by the Council for enhancing energy effectiveness but non-urban environment is getting ec onomically affected as a whole as they are the ones who have sacrificed their lands for the fulfilment of the Councils objectives. Moreover, if the sacrificed lands of rural environment are contaminated, the purpose of redesigning rural lands for enhancement of urban life is also economically at stake. Secondly, consumption of water and demand by commercial, industrial, residential, and agricultural areas exert pressure on supply of water and water infrastructure. It is a common parlance that when the resources will be required in abundance it will exert immense pressure on it and that leads to severe scarcity or shortage. However, the requirement of portable water can establish pressures on natural segments through requirement for catchments of water supply and issues in disposing effluent water from such aforesaid areas (Kiama Sustainability, 2016). This facilitates incurrence of heavy costs in relation to building of sewerage treatment plants. Since, resources are scarce there needs to be proper establishment that aids in providing proper facility. If the pressure keeps on building, it will lead to immense pr essure on the resource leading to severe issues. Further, the on-site sewerage management systems also necessitate huge inspections within the municipality in order to ascertain whether every system is functioning properly (Milne Grubnic, 2011). Moreover, if these inspections are not facilitated properly, it can pose a major threat to both urban and non-urban environment. For instance, consider this issue from an economic viewpoint, the Council has incurred $150000 for the purpose of mitigating and preventing drainage of water in the year 2016-17 (Kiama, 2016). The next issue associated with the sustainability of the Council is related to noise pollution. Moreover, the biggest complain encountered by the Council is related to noise from animals. There is, however, a pressure on the environment associated with noise centered around the influence of individuals on each other in an urban scenario like noise from industrial, commercial, residential, and transport issues (Bauer Hann, 2 010). Therefore, even though the Council functions from industrial segments for the betterment of the non-urban environment, yet it attracts major economic issues from the installation of equipment like air conditioners. Furthermore, since the sources of noise arising from residential, housing, and industrial areas are transient and heterogeneous, a universal solution for noise abatement is not prevalent (Kiama Sustainability, 2016). Besides, from an economic viewpoint, the Council incurs substantial costs with noise and its abatement that creates major issues for the non-urban environment as a result of the establishment of industries with big equipment and plants (Benabou Tirole, 2010). For example, there are costs that are directly associated with the redesign of an equipment that produces huge noise and impacting the non-urban environment. In simple words, the development controls implemented by the Council allows it to minimize or prevent noise pollution from industrial, resid ential, and commercial affairs but such approaches require huge expenditures on the part of Council (Kiama Sustainability, 2016). Another major sustainability issue that poses a major threat to the non-urban environment is the issue of biodiversity. In relation to this, the Councils affairs allow it to clear the vegetation in the municipality, urban expansion, predation by local animals, invasion and pollution of weed species, etc that has altogether resulted in fragmentation and loss of habitats. Furthermore, for the purpose of undertaking an active noxious weed control strategy, the Illawarra District Noxious Weed Authority intends to undertake domestic weed control programs for government agencies and private landholders. Besides, such noxious weeds pose an economic threat to the environment and agriculture of both urban and non-urban population, thereby necessitating costs for the purpose of mitigation of the same (Kiama, 2016). Furthermore, removal of a portion of trees, or trees as a whole can also pose both social and economic impacts for the entire biodiversity (Scott, 2009). Such weeds usually grow in domestic lands that can have a major influence on the non-urban environment. Therefore, the requirement of the Councils guidelines allows it to manage and preserve trees located in such urban areas. This is the reason why the funding of $132726 of the Kiama Council was assisted by the NSW funding on the part of the government of $103553 for the purpose of controlling the noxious weeds (Kiama Sustainability, 2016). The next issue because of the operations of the Council is related to management of waste. In the past, the Council operated two landfill sites within the domestic area of government at Gerroa and Minnamurra (Kiama Sustainability, 2016). In the present, these sites are closed and are in the process of rehabilitation. However, the major issue arising and posing a threat to the non-urban environment is that due to consumer behavior and growth in population, a huge volume of waste has been generated in the landfill of the Council. Moreover, even though the growth in populatio n in the Kiama LGA is stagnant in nature, yet surrounding areas are increasing at a faster rate and as a result, exerts pressure on the processing facilities and non-urban or regional landfill sites (Thomas, 2016). Emerging issues in waste that includes e-waste and proliferation of such waste through the removal of organics from commercial and domestic waste streams, disposal of batteries, disposal of fluorescent lamps, and diversion of landfill mattresses. From an economic perspective, the Council incurs huge costs for the purpose of construction of CRC (Community Recycling Centre) at Minnamurra Waste and Recycling Facility for the purpose of disposal of hazardous wastes incurred by households. However, it has also been observed that there has been illegal disposal of various wastes by urban environment that poses a threat to the non-urban environment. These wastes have a significant influence on both the natural environment and visual amenity that further necessitates huge costs f or the prevention of the same (Pearce, 2012). In addition, costs are also incurred for the purpose of creating development applications like management and waste minimization plan. This shows that even though the Council believes in the prevention of waste, yet its municipality is affected by illegal littering and dumping of wastes, which pose a significant influence on the environment (Kruger, 2015). For instance, the NSW EPA Waste Less Recycle Program offered massive funds to the Council for the purpose of organics collection system under Organics Kiama Implementation Program. This program incurred a heavy expenditure of $211230. In addition, the Kiama Community Recycling Centre also incurred a heavy expense of $198460 for the purpose of construction of shed that was established in 2016. A heavy sum of $26977 was also incurred by the Council for the purpose of home composting workshops (Kiama, 2016). This clearly shed light on the fact that the affairs of the Council even though a re directed towards an effective purpose yet encounters major issues and poses a threat to the non-urban environment as a whole (Sustainability reporting, 2012). Another significant issue within the Kiama Municipality is the absence of monitoring stations for the purpose of controlling air pollution. In relation to this, it is notable that sources of air pollution have a significant influence on both regional and local quality of air. Besides, other regions like the Illawarra have such monitoring stations for controlling and managing air pollution (Douma Hein, 2013). Therefore, since the council is lagging behind in the development of a monitoring station for managing air pollution, the air quality within the municipality is under extreme pressure from several numbers of sources that include both regional and local (Kiama, 2016). Such pressures comprise of solid fuel heaters, motor vehicles, clearing of vegetation, disposal of wastes, burning of household wastes, dust occurring from construction sites, direct emissions of odors and pollutions from rural affairs, industrial activities, and bushfires as a whole. Hence, the activities of the Co uncils urban environment are clearly influencing the sustainability of the non-urban environment. Besides, this is the reason why the Council has implemented a no-burn policy and cycleways strategy within its municipality in order to provide a strong response for mitigating and preventing air pollution, thereby enhancing sustainability as a whole (Kiama, 2016). However, from an economic point of view, it has incurred massive expenses for the purpose of offering alternative transport options for the visitors and residents. Another major activity of the Council that can cause a major influence on the non-urban environment can be attributed to its affairs like the development of houses, clearing of lands, etc. Due to such strategies, the aboriginal heritage sites can come under major threat, thereby affecting the Councils process of sustainability (Caradonna, 2014). Besides, it is observable that the Council lacks management strategies for the purpose of evaluating the significant impa cts of such affairs and the lack of recognition of sites. Furthermore, the non-aboriginal heritage items can also come under the purview of a major threat because of drastic weather situations, vandalism, redevelopment processes, lack of proper maintenance, and improper understanding on the part of the Council (Kiama, 2016). This is the reason why the Council incurs heavy expenditures for the purpose of using the services of a heritage adviser who can assist in the process of conservation of heritage, advice, and educate the community in relation to the planning of heritage and development of control affairs (Albuquerque et. al, 2013). Hence, these are some of the key issues that are created as a result of affairs of the Council and that pose a major impact on the non-urban environment. Besides, from an economic perspective, in order to mitigate the impact of such issues, the Council has incurred major expenses through government grants and other initiatives. Sustainability as its core is intended towards minimizing consumption of non-renewable resources and use of water or energy as effectively as possible so that the cultural and natural assets of the environment are preserved for future generations. Even though Kiama Council has undertaken various initiatives to recognize strategies and potential future affairs, yet its affairs have posed a major issue to both the urban and rural environment, thereby creating a hindrance in the path of sustainability program of the Council. This is the reason why it has to incur enormous costs for mitigating and preventing the impacts of its lack of management strategies. Overall, sustainability must be taken into account but not by creating an issue for the environment. References Albuquerque, R., Durnev, A., Koskinen, Y. (2013). Corporate social responsibility and firm risk: theory and empirical evidence. Boston University. Bauer, R., Hann, D. (2010). Corporate environmental management and credit risk. Maastricht University. Benabou, R., Tirole, R. (2010) Individual and Corporate Social responsibility. Ecnomica, 11, 1-19. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0335.2009.00843.x Caradonna, J. L. (2014). Sustainability: A History. Oxford University Press Douma, S., Hein, S. (2013). Economic Approaches to Organizations. London Freeman, E., Alexander, M. (2013). Stakeholder management and CSR: questions and answers. Oxford Press Kiama Sustainability. (2016) State of the Environment Report 2016. Retrieved from https://www.kiama.nsw.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/11140/State%20of%20the%20Environment%20Report%202012-16.pdf.aspx Kiama. (2016) Kiama 2016 Annual report and accounts. Retrieved from: https://www.kiama.nsw.gov.au/ArticleDocuments/11140/Kiama%20Municipal%20Council%20-%20Annual%20Report%202016-17.pdf.aspx Kruger, P. (2015). Corporate goodness and shareholder wealth. Journal of Financial economics, 304-329. Retrieved from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304405X14001925 Milne, M.J., Grubnic, S (2011). Climate Change Accounting Research: Keeping it interesting and different. Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal, 24(8), .948-977. Retrieved from: https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/dspace-jspui/bitstream/2134/14657/3/Milne%20_Grubnic_AAAJ_%202011.pdf Pearce, J.M. (2012). The Case for Open Source Appropriate Technology. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 14(3), 425431.Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10668-012-9337-9 Scott, C.M. (2009). Green Economics. London: Earthscan Sustainability reporting. (2012). Using sustainability to drive business innovation and growth 2012. Retrieved from https://www.deloitte.com/view/en_IN/in/index.htm Thomas, S.A. (2016). The Nature of Sustainability. Chapbook Press, Michigan Walker, B., Salt,S. (2012). Resilience Practice: Building Capacity to Absorb Disturbance and Maintain Function.Island Press. Wicks, H., Colle, D. (2010). Stakeholder Theory, State of the Art. Cambridge University Press